Concept Of Development & Stages Of Development -HPTET

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Concept Of Development & Stages Of Development -HPTET

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Child Psychology And Development ,Pedagogy ,Teaching Learning Process Chapter -1

CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT:-

Development refers to interaction of a person with his environmental surroundings whose after product is to increase:

The strength
The degree of differentiation
The organization of personality

Development refers to those effects upon the person’s cognitive and emotional systems which strengthen one or more abilities of the person in the desired manner. Thus, development is the qualitative changes in the organism. Environment has very important role to play in the process of development

Three Concepts of Development:-

1. Development is maturation : According to Arnold Gessell, the role of physical changes is very important in development. The development from infancy to adolescence is governed by physical changes. When physical growth of the particular stage gets matured only then development in that stage is possible. For example, a growing nervous system changes systematically andautomatically and this results in predictable changes in bones and muscles. Thus major changes in the organism are based on maturation,

According to Gessell, there is internal programming toward physical and cognitive growth and each year is characterized by certain behavioural changes. Development is always guided and controlled by these changes.

2. Development is learning : According to Baer, “development is the behavioural changes which require programming and programming requires time but not enough of it to call it age.” Programming here means the sequence of leurning which may happen naturally or it may be arranged in the life of an individual with the help of the enviroament. Thus, according to this definition, development is genetic and environmental both Whatever we learn in the process of our life is related to development of us.

3. Development is the synthesis of abilities: According to Jean Piaget, there are four basic elements that take part in the process of development and development is the result of synthesis of all these elements. They are given below:

I. Maturation :-An automatic and innale process

II. Social transmission:- Learning through language, schooling or training given by parents

III. Experiences:-Obtained from the outer environment informally

IV. Equilibration:-Whatever is learnt or gained internally or externally is equilibrated here.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT:-

From infancy to adulthood human being undergoes the following stages of development.

1 Infancy :-0-2 years

2 Early childhood :- 3-6 years

3 Later childhood:-7-12 years

4 Adolescence:- 13-17 years

5 Adulthood:-18-25 years

At each stage of human development, certain physical, intellectual, language, emotional and social changes occur which may be similar or entirely different from the preceding age.

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