Definition & Characteristics of Computer | HP JOA IT Computer Notes with MCQs

Master Definition & Characteristics of Computer with these comprehensive HP JOA IT Notes in Hindi & English (Bilingual). Learn the computer definition, IPO cycle, data vs information, characteristics, limitations, advantages, applications, important abbreviations, exam facts, and practice the most expected MCQs. These notes are specially designed according to the latest HP JOA IT, HP Govt Exams, HPRCA, HPSSC, and other competitive exams syllabus for quick revision and maximum score.

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Definition & Characteristics of Computer | HP JOA IT Computer Notes with MCQs

Definition & Characteristics of Computer (कंप्यूटर की परिभाषा एवं विशेषताएँ) For HPRCA JOA IT EXAM By www.himexam.com

1. Definition of Computer (कंप्यूटर की परिभाषा)

A Computer is an electronic programmable device that accepts data as input, processes it according to a set of instructions (program), stores it, and produces meaningful information as output.

कंप्यूटर एक इलेक्ट्रॉनिक एवं प्रोग्राम योग्य मशीन है जो डेटा (Input) को स्वीकार करती है, दिए गए निर्देशों (Program) के अनुसार उसका प्रसंस्करण (Processing) करती है, उसे संग्रहित (Storage) करती है तथा उपयोगी सूचना (Output) प्रदान करती है।

Simple Formula

Input → Processing → Storage → Output

इनपुट → प्रोसेसिंग → स्टोरेज → आउटपुट

2. Computer शब्द की उत्पत्ति

• The word Computer is derived from the Latin word Computare.
• “Computare” means To Calculate.
• Computer शब्द लैटिन भाषा के Computare शब्द से बना है।
• Computare का अर्थ है गणना करना।

Exam Fact

Computare = To Calculate (गणना करना)

3. Computer Definitions by Famous Authors

Charles Babbage

Father of Computer

Designed the Analytical Engine, the first general-purpose mechanical computer.

चार्ल्स बैबेज

कंप्यूटर के जनक (Father of Computer)

Oxford Dictionary Definition

“A computer is an electronic machine that can store, organize and process data.”

4. Data and Information

Data (डेटा)

Raw facts and figures.

Example

45, 67, Rahul, 2026

अव्यवस्थित तथ्य एवं आंकड़े।

Information (सूचना)

Processed and meaningful data.

Example

Rahul scored 67 marks.

प्रसंस्कृत एवं उपयोगी डेटा।

Difference Between Data and Information

Data (डेटा)	Information (सूचना)
Raw facts	Processed data
No meaning	Meaningful
Input	Output
Unorganized	Organized

5. IPO Cycle of Computer

I – Input

Entering data.

Examples

Keyboard

Mouse

Scanner

Microphone

P – Processing

CPU processes data.

O – Output

Displays result.

Examples

Monitor

Printer

Speaker

6. Basic Block Diagram

Input Devices

       ↓

      CPU

┌─────────────┐

│ ALU │ CU │ MU│

└─────────────┘

       ↓

Output Devices

       ↑

Secondary Storage

7. Characteristics of Computer (कंप्यूटर की विशेषताएँ)

1. Speed (गति)

Computer performs millions, billions or trillions of operations per second.

Units

• Millisecond (ms)
• Microsecond (μs)
• Nanosecond (ns)
• Picosecond (ps)

कंप्यूटर अत्यधिक तेज गति से कार्य करता है।

2. Accuracy (शुद्धता)

Produces accurate results if correct data and instructions are provided.

Important Point

Wrong Input → Wrong Output

This is called

GIGO (Garbage In Garbage Out)

गलत डेटा देने पर परिणाम भी गलत होगा।

3. Diligence (परिश्रमशीलता)

Computer never gets tired.

Works continuously.

4. Reliability (विश्वसनीयता)

Produces consistent results every time.

5. Storage Capacity (भंडारण क्षमता)

Stores huge amounts of data.

Examples

Hard Disk

SSD

Cloud Storage

6. Automation (स्वचालन)

Works automatically after receiving instructions.

7. Versatility (बहुउपयोगिता)

Performs different types of tasks.

Examples

• Banking
• Education
• Gaming
• Medical
• Research

8. Multitasking (बहुकार्य क्षमता)

Can perform multiple tasks simultaneously.

Example

• Playing music
• Downloading files
• Typing documents

9. Consistency (समानता)

Produces same result repeatedly.

10. Communication (संचार)

Shares data through networks.

Example

Internet

LAN

Wi-Fi

11. Memory (स्मृति)

Stores instructions and data.

Types

• Primary Memory
• Secondary Memory

12. Programmable (प्रोग्राम योग्य)

Works according to programs written by users.

8. Limitations of Computer (कंप्यूटर की सीमाएँ)

1. No Intelligence

Cannot think on its own.

2. No Decision Making

Cannot make decisions without instructions.

3. No Feelings

Has no emotions.

4. Dependent on Electricity

Needs power supply.

5. GIGO Principle

Wrong input always gives wrong output.

9. Advantages of Computer

• High speed
• High accuracy
• Large storage
• Automation
• Multitasking
• Reliability
• Connectivity
• Paperless work
• Online services

10. Applications of Computer

Education

Smart Classes

Online Exams

Digital Library

Banking

ATM

Net Banking

UPI

Online Transactions

Business

Payroll

Inventory

Billing

Medical

MRI

CT Scan

Patient Records

Hospital Management

Railway

Reservation

Ticket Booking

Tracking

Government

Digital India

e-Governance

Online Portals

Defence

Missile Control

Radar

Satellite

Entertainment

Movies

Gaming

Music

OTT Platforms

Agriculture

Weather Forecasting

Soil Analysis

Smart Farming

Research

ISRO

DRDO

Scientific Simulation

11. Human vs Computer

Human	Computer
Has emotions	No emotions
Can think	Cannot think
Can learn naturally	Learns through programming
Can make decisions	Depends on instructions
Can get tired	Never gets tired

12. Important Abbreviations

Full Form	Meaning
CPU	Central Processing Unit
ALU	Arithmetic Logic Unit
CU	Control Unit
MU	Memory Unit
IPO	Input Process Output
GIGO	Garbage In Garbage Out
PC	Personal Computer
IT	Information Technology
ICT	Information and Communication Technology

13. HP JOA IT One-Liner Facts (Exam Booster)

• Computer is an electronic programmable machine.
• Computer word is derived from Computare (Latin).
• Charles Babbage is known as the Father of Computer.
• IPO Cycle = Input → Process → Output.
• CPU is called the Brain of the Computer.
• ALU performs arithmetic and logical operations.
• CU controls all operations of the computer.
• Memory Unit (MU) stores data and instructions.
• GIGO = Garbage In, Garbage Out.
• A computer cannot think or take decisions independently.
• A computer has no IQ, emotions, or common sense.
• Computers are known for Speed, Accuracy, Diligence, Reliability, Storage, Automation, Versatility, and Multitasking.
• Primary memory is volatile (except ROM), while secondary memory is non-volatile.
• A computer processes data to produce information.
• A computer works only according to the instructions (programs) provided by the user.

HP JOA IT Exam Facts

✅ Father of Computer → Charles Babbage

✅ Father of Modern Computer → Alan Turing

✅ Computer derives from → Computare (Latin)

✅ Computer is an → Electronic Programmable Device

✅ Brain of Computer → CPU

✅ Arithmetic calculations → ALU

✅ Controls operations → Control Unit (CU)

✅ Data + Processing = Information

✅ Wrong Input → Wrong Output = GIGO

✅ IPO Cycle → Input → Process → Output

✅ Computer’s biggest strength → Speed and Accuracy

✅ Computer’s biggest limitation → No intelligence, no independent decision-making

Definition & Characteristics of Computer – Important MCQs For HP JOA IT Exam |

Question 1.

Computer शब्द किस लैटिन शब्द से बना है?
The word “Computer” is derived from which Latin word?

(A) Compute
(B) Computare
(C) Computeria
(D) Calculator

Answer: (B) Computare

Question 2.

Computare का अर्थ क्या है?
What is the meaning of “Computare”?

(A) To Program
(B) To Process
(C) To Calculate
(D) To Store

Answer: (C) To Calculate

Question 3.

कंप्यूटर क्या है?
What is a computer?

(A) Mechanical device
(B) Electronic programmable device
(C) Electrical device
(D) Optical device

Answer: (B) Electronic programmable device

Question 4.

कंप्यूटर के जनक (Father of Computer) किसे कहा जाता है?
Who is known as the Father of Computer?

(A) Alan Turing
(B) John von Neumann
(C) Charles Babbage
(D) Bill Gates

Answer: (C) Charles Babbage

Question 5.

Father of Modern Computer किसे कहा जाता है?
Who is known as the Father of Modern Computer?

(A) Charles Babbage
(B) Alan Turing
(C) Blaise Pascal
(D) Herman Hollerith

Answer: (B) Alan Turing

Question 6.

कंप्यूटर के कार्य करने का सही क्रम क्या है?
What is the correct working cycle of a computer?

(A) Output → Input → Process
(B) Input → Process → Output
(C) Process → Output → Input
(D) Input → Output → Process

Answer: (B) Input → Process → Output

Question 7.

IPO का पूर्ण रूप क्या है?
What is the full form of IPO?

(A) Input Program Output
(B) Input Process Output
(C) Information Process Output
(D) Internal Processing Operation

Answer: (B) Input Process Output

Question 8.

कंप्यूटर का मस्तिष्क (Brain of Computer) किसे कहा जाता है?
Which is known as the Brain of the Computer?

(A) RAM
(B) ROM
(C) CPU
(D) Hard Disk

Answer: (C) CPU

Question 9.

CPU का पूर्ण रूप क्या है?
What is the full form of CPU?

(A) Central Program Unit
(B) Central Processing Unit
(C) Central Processor Utility
(D) Computer Processing Unit

Answer: (B) Central Processing Unit

Question 10.

ALU का मुख्य कार्य क्या है?
What is the primary function of ALU?

(A) Data Storage
(B) Arithmetic and Logical Operations
(C) Input Operations
(D) Output Operations

Answer: (B) Arithmetic and Logical Operations

Question 11.

CU का मुख्य कार्य क्या है?
What is the primary function of Control Unit (CU)?

(A) Data Storage
(B) Controlling all computer operations
(C) Printing
(D) Internet Access

Answer: (B) Controlling all computer operations

Question 12.

Memory Unit (MU) का कार्य क्या है?
What is the function of Memory Unit (MU)?

(A) Printing
(B) Data Transmission
(C) Storing data and instructions
(D) Scanning

Answer: (C) Storing data and instructions

Question 13.

डेटा (Data) क्या होता है?
What is Data?

(A) Processed Information
(B) Raw Facts and Figures
(C) Printed Output
(D) Program

Answer: (B) Raw Facts and Figures

Question 14.

सूचना (Information) क्या होती है?
What is Information?

(A) Raw Data
(B) Processed and Meaningful Data
(C) Temporary Memory
(D) Program

Answer: (B) Processed and Meaningful Data

Question 15.

कौन–सा कथन सही है?
Which statement is correct?

(A) Data is processed Information
(B) Information is processed Data
(C) Both are same
(D) None of these

Answer: (B) Information is processed Data

Question 16.

GIGO का पूर्ण रूप क्या है?
What is the full form of GIGO?

(A) Good Input Good Output
(B) Garbage In Garbage Out
(C) Great Input Great Output
(D) General Input General Output

Answer: (B) Garbage In Garbage Out

Question 17.

GIGO का सिद्धांत क्या बताता है?
What does the GIGO principle state?

(A) Good Output Always
(B) Wrong Input gives Wrong Output
(C) Computer never makes mistakes
(D) Output depends on monitor

Answer: (B) Wrong Input gives Wrong Output

Question 18.

कंप्यूटर की सबसे प्रमुख विशेषता कौन–सी है?
Which is the most important characteristic of a computer?

(A) Emotions
(B) Speed
(C) Smell
(D) Taste

Answer: (B) Speed

Question 19.

कंप्यूटर की कौन–सी विशेषता सही परिणाम प्रदान करती है?
Which characteristic ensures correct results?

(A) Automation
(B) Accuracy
(C) Storage
(D) Communication

Answer: (B) Accuracy

Question 20.

कंप्यूटर बिना थके लगातार कार्य कर सकता है। यह किस विशेषता को दर्शाता है?
A computer can work continuously without getting tired. This characteristic is called:

(A) Reliability
(B) Diligence
(C) Automation
(D) Memory

Answer: (B) Diligence

Question 21.

कंप्यूटर की किस विशेषता के कारण वह एक ही कार्य बार–बार समान परिणाम के साथ कर सकता है?
Which characteristic enables a computer to produce the same result repeatedly?

(A) Accuracy
(B) Consistency
(C) Communication
(D) Versatility

Answer: (B) Consistency

Question 22.

कंप्यूटर की किस विशेषता के कारण वह विभिन्न प्रकार के कार्य कर सकता है?
Which characteristic allows a computer to perform different types of tasks?

(A) Versatility
(B) Accuracy
(C) Speed
(D) Memory

Answer: (A) Versatility

Question 23.

एक साथ कई कार्य करने की क्षमता को क्या कहते हैं?
The ability to perform multiple tasks simultaneously is called:

(A) Reliability
(B) Automation
(C) Multitasking
(D) Storage

Answer: (C) Multitasking

Question 24.

कंप्यूटर में बड़ी मात्रा में डेटा संग्रहित करने की क्षमता को क्या कहते हैं?
The ability to store a large amount of data is known as:

(A) Automation
(B) Storage Capacity
(C) Speed
(D) Diligence

Answer: (B) Storage Capacity

Question 25.

कंप्यूटर निर्देश मिलने के बाद स्वतः कार्य करता है। इसे क्या कहते हैं?
A computer works automatically after receiving instructions. This is called:

(A) Accuracy
(B) Automation
(C) Communication
(D) Reliability

Answer: (B) Automation

Question 26.

निम्नलिखित में से कंप्यूटर की सीमा (Limitation) क्या है?
Which of the following is a limitation of a computer?

(A) High Speed
(B) Large Storage
(C) No Intelligence
(D) Accuracy

Answer: (C) No Intelligence

Question 27.

कंप्यूटर किसके बिना निर्णय नहीं ले सकता?
A computer cannot make decisions without:

(A) Internet
(B) Electricity
(C) Instructions/Program
(D) Printer

Answer: (C) Instructions/Program

Question 28.

कंप्यूटर में भावनाएँ (Emotions) होती हैं।
A computer has emotions.

(A) True
(B) False

Answer: (B) False

Question 29.

निम्नलिखित में से कौन Input Device है?
Which of the following is an Input Device?

(A) Monitor
(B) Printer
(C) Keyboard
(D) Speaker

Answer: (C) Keyboard

Question 30.

निम्नलिखित में से कौन Output Device है?
Which of the following is an Output Device?

(A) Mouse
(B) Scanner
(C) Monitor
(D) Joystick

Answer: (C) Monitor

Question 31.

कंप्यूटर किस प्रकार की मशीन है?
A computer is which type of machine?

(A) Mechanical only
(B) Electronic
(C) Hydraulic
(D) Pneumatic

Answer: (B) Electronic

Question 32.

कंप्यूटर का कार्य किस पर निर्भर करता है?
The functioning of a computer depends on:

(A) Guesswork
(B) Instructions (Program)
(C) Emotions
(D) Intelligence

Answer: (B) Instructions (Program)

Question 33.

निम्नलिखित में से कौन कंप्यूटर का लाभ (Advantage) है?
Which of the following is an advantage of a computer?

(A) Gets tired quickly
(B) High Accuracy
(C) Has emotions
(D) Independent thinking

Answer: (B) High Accuracy

Question 34.

निम्नलिखित में से कौन कंप्यूटर का अनुप्रयोग (Application) नहीं है?
Which of the following is NOT an application of computers?

(A) Banking
(B) Education
(C) Healthcare
(D) Natural Breathing

Answer: (D) Natural Breathing

Question 35.

कंप्यूटर की विश्वसनीयता (Reliability) का अर्थ है—
Reliability of a computer means:

(A) It gets tired.
(B) It produces consistent and dependable results.
(C) It has emotions.
(D) It works without electricity.

Answer: (B) It produces consistent and dependable results.

HP JOA IT Exam Quick Revision Facts

• Computer → Electronic Programmable Device (इलेक्ट्रॉनिक प्रोग्राम योग्य मशीन)
• Latin Word → Computare (गणना करना)
• Father of Computer → Charles Babbage
• Father of Modern Computer → Alan Turing
• Brain of Computer → CPU
• IPO Cycle → Input → Process → Output
• ALU → Arithmetic & Logical Operations
• CU → Controls all operations
• MU → Stores data and instructions
• Data → Raw facts and figures
• Information → Processed and meaningful data
• GIGO → Garbage In, Garbage Out
• Main Characteristics → Speed, Accuracy, Diligence, Reliability, Automation, Versatility, Multitasking, Consistency, Storage Capacity, Communication
• Main Limitations → No Intelligence, No Emotions, No Independent Decision Making, Dependent on Instructions and Electricity