General Studies Question With Answer Set-4
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1. Examine the linkages between 19th century’s ‘Indian Renaissance’ and the ‘Emergence of National Identity” (150 words)
Ans. Renaissance refers to the transition of European society with respect to cultural, artistic, political and economic sphere of life in between 14th century to the 17th century. Renaissance marked the transition from middle age to the modern age.
Indian renaissance was also a cultural, social, intellectual and artistic movement during British period in the early 19th and 20th century. The inspiration for Indian renaissance emanates from the idea of humanism
.Indian renaissance during 19th century can be categorised into two phases:
(i) First Phase Socio-religious movements.
(ii) Second Phase Anti-colonial politics and social quest for modernity.
The first and second phase of Indian renaissance is associated with development of sense of unity and a common national identity.
The first phase marked the enquiry into our past. The revivalist among the proponents of socio-religious movements inspired the masses to take pride in our ancient pasts. The sense of pride inculcated a feeling of common national identity which had its root in the commonality of culture, traditions, philosophy and universalism among different sections of society.
The role of Raja Rammohan Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar, Narayna Guru, and other socio-religious leaders such as Dayanand Saraswati, Swami Vivekananda among many others formed the basis for this phase.
The second phase is characterised by an attempt to bring together anti-colonial politics and the social quest for modernity. The national movement allowed the values of the first phase of the renaissance to form their ideological postures and enter areas where they were conspicuous by their absence. However, the national movement kept the struggle on social issues outside its political agenda and controlled it through measured interventions. The role of Gandhiji and other nationalist movement leaders such as Tilak, Malviya, Lala Lajpat Rai was commendable in this regard.
Thus, we can say that the revivalist approach of earlier reformers together with the role played by later nationalist leaders driven by Indian renaissance led the emergence of national identity.
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