Himachal Pradesh during the Post-Gupta Period (Hunas and Harshavardhana)

Himachal Pradesh during the Post-Gupta Period (Hunas and Harshavardhana)

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Himachal Pradesh during the Post-Gupta Period (Hunas and Harshavardhana)

This topic covers the important ancient History that reveal the early history of Himachal Pradesh, including coins, inscriptions, copper plates, literature, monuments, travel accounts, and genealogies. It helps in understanding the political and cultural development of ancient Himachal and is highly important for HPPSC, HPAS, and other state exams.

Also Read:- Ancient Source Of Himachal Pradesh History

Himachal Pradesh during the Post-Gupta Period (Hunas and Harshavardhana)

(i) हूणों के आक्रमण

(i) Invasions by the Hunas

521 में हूणों ने तोरमाण के नेतृत्व में पश्चिमी हिमालय पर आक्रमण किया। इससे पूर्व भी 480–490 के बीच तोरमाण ने गुप्त साम्राज्य पर आक्रमण किए थे।
In 521 CE, the Hunas, under the leadership of Toramana, attacked the western Himalayas. Even before this, between 480–490 CE, Toramana had invaded the Gupta Empire.

तोरमाण के पश्चात् उसके पुत्र मिहिरकुलजिसे ‘भारत का एटिला’ कहा जाता हैने 525 में पंजाब से मध्य भारत तक अपना आधिपत्य जमा लिया।
After Toramana, his son Mihirakula, known as the “Attila of India,” established control from Punjab to central India in 525 CE.

मगध सम्राट नरसिंह बालादित्य और यशोवर्मन ने मिहिरकुल को पराजित कर कश्मीर भागने पर विवश कर दिया।
The Magadha emperor Narasimhagupta Baladitya and Yashovarman defeated Mihirakula and forced him to flee to Kashmir.

गुज्जर स्वयं को हूणों का वंशज मानते हैं।
The Gujjars consider themselves descendants of the Hunas.

(ii) हर्षवर्धन एवं ह्वेनसाँग

(ii) Harshavardhana and Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang)

हर्षवर्धन 606 में भारत की गद्दी पर बैठा। उसके शासन में पाटलिपुत्रथानेश्वर और कन्नौज प्रमुख केन्द्र रहे।
Harshavardhana ascended the throne of India in 606 CE. Pataliputra, Thanesar, and Kannauj were the major centers during his reign.

उसके काल में चीनी यात्री ह्वेनसाँग ने 629–644 के बीच भारत की यात्रा की।
During his reign, the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang) visited India between 629–644 CE.

635 में ह्वेनसाँग जालंधर (त्रिगर्त की राजधानीआया और राजा उतीतस (उदिमाका चार माह तक अतिथि रहा।
In 635 CE, Xuanzang visited Jalandhar (capital of Trigarta) and stayed for four months as a guest of King Utitasa (Udima).

643 में चीन वापसी के समय भी वह जालंधर में रुका था।
On his return to China in 643 CE, he stayed again at Jalandhar.

ह्वेनसाँग ने कुल्लूलाहौल और सिरमौर की यात्रा भी की थी।
Xuanzang also visited Kullu, Lahaul, and Sirmaur.

हर्षवर्धन की मृत्यु 647 में हो गई।
Harshavardhana died in 647 CE.

राजतरंगिणी‘ और उत्तरवर्ती स्थिति

‘Rajatarangini’ and Later Developments

राजतरंगिणी’ में कश्मीर के राजा ललितादित्य और यशोवर्मन के बीच युद्ध का वर्णन है।
‘Rajatarangini’ describes the war between the king of Kashmir, Lalitaditya, and Yashovarman.

त्रिगर्तब्रह्मपुरा (चम्बाऔर अन्य पहाड़ी क्षेत्रों पर यशोवर्मन का प्रभाव बताया गया है।
Yashovarman is noted to have had influence over Trigarta, Brahmapura (Chamba), and other hilly regions.

नौवीं शताब्दी तक त्रिगर्त और सतलुज के ऊपरी क्षेत्रों पर कश्मीर राज्य का नियंत्रण हो गया।
By the 9th century, the Kashmir kingdom had gained control over Trigarta and upper Sutlej regions.

ह्वेनसाँग का यात्रा विवरण

Xuanzang’s Travel Accounts

ह्वेनसाँग ने जालंधर (शेलनतलो), कुलूतसिरमौर (शत्रुघ्न की राजधानी सिरमौरी ताल), लाहौल (लोलोकी यात्रा का विस्तृत विवरण दिया है।
Xuanzang gave detailed descriptions of his travels to Jalandhar (She-lan-ta-lo), Kuluta (Kullu), Sirmaur (capital: Sirmouri Tal), and Lahaul (Lo-u-lo).

उसने अपनी पुस्तक ‘सीयूकी’ में बताया कि महायान बौद्ध धर्म इन क्षेत्रों में प्रचलित था।
In his book ‘Si-Yu-Ki’, he mentions that Mahayana Buddhism was prevalent in these regions.

स्थानीय राजन्य व्यवस्थाएं

Local Political Structures

निरमण्ड के ताम्रपत्र से स्पीति के राजा समुद्रसेन का उल्लेख मिलता है।
The Nirmand copper plate mentions King Samudrasena of Spiti.

त्रिगर्त और कुल्लूत जैसे क्षेत्रों में छोटेछोटे सरदार उभरे जिन्हें ठाकुर और राणा कहा जाता था।
In regions like Trigarta and Kuluta, small chieftains known as Thakurs and Ranas emerged.

ठाकुरों के शासनकाल को ‘अपठकुराई’ और उनके क्षेत्र को ‘ठकुराई’ कहा जाता था।
The Thakurs’ rule was called ‘Apathkurai’ and their territory ‘Thakurai’.

राणाओं के क्षेत्र को ‘राहुन’ कहा जाता था।
The territory of the Ranas was known as ‘Rahun’.

राजपूतों का आगमन

Arrival of the Rajputs

सातवीं से दसवीं शताब्दी के बीच मैदानों से आए राजपूतों ने हिमाचल में अपने राज्य स्थापित किए।
Between the 7th and 10th centuries, Rajputs from the plains established their kingdoms in Himachal.

इन्होंने ठाकुरों और राणाओं को अपने सामंत बना दिया।
They reduced the Thakurs and Ranas to the status of their feudal subordinates.

Himachal Pradesh during the Post-Gupta Period (Hunas and Harshavardhana) :- One Liner

1. चीनी यात्री ह्वेनसांग के अनुसार सन् 500 में कुल्लू पर किसका शासन था?

➡️ उत्तरविहंगमणि पाल।
According to Chinese traveler Hiuen Tsang, who ruled Kullu around 500 CE?
➡️ Answer: Vihangamani Pal.

2. 500 में किस हूण शासक ने हिमाचल प्रदेश सहित पूरे उत्तर भारत का जनजीवन अस्तव्यस्त कर दिया था?

➡️ उत्तरतोरमाण।
Which Huna ruler disturbed public life in Himachal and North India around 500 CE?
➡️ Answer: Toramana.

3. ‘भारत का एटिला‘ कहलाने वाले मिहिरकुल को 520 में किसने पराजित किया था?

➡️ उत्तरयशोवर्मन ने।
Who defeated Mihirakula (known as Attila of India) in 520 CE?
➡️ Answer: Yashovarman.

4. गुर्जरों का संबंध किससे जोड़ा जाता है?

➡️ उत्तरहूणों से।
Gurjars are historically associated with which group?
➡️ Answer: Hunas.

5. ‘ठाकुर‘ शब्द युवचेतोखरी कबीले का शब्द हैवे मूलतः कहाँ के निवासी थे?

➡️ उत्तरअरल सागर क्षेत्र।
The word ‘Thakur’ originated from the Yueh-Che-Tochari tribe. They originally belonged to:
➡️ Answer: The Aral Sea region.

6. ह्वेनसांग के अनुसार कुल्लू का घेरा कितने मील का था?

➡️ उत्तर: 75 मील।
According to Hiuen Tsang, what was the circumference of Kullu?
➡️ Answer: 75 miles.

7. फ़रिश्ता के अनुसार कन्नौज के किस राजा ने नगरकोट के राजा को पराजित किया था?

➡️ उत्तरहर्षवर्धन।
According to historian Firishta, which king of Kannauj defeated the ruler of Nagarkot?
➡️ Answer: Harshavardhana.

Himachal Pradesh during the Post-Gupta Period (Hunas and Harshavardhana) :- MCQ

1. ह्वेनसाँग ने भारत की यात्रा किस वर्ष की?

In which year did Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang) visit India?
(A) 629 BC
(B) 292 BC
(C) 629 AD
(D) 922 AD
 उत्तर / Answer: (C) 629 AD

2. सन् 480–490 में गुप्त साम्राज्य के विघटन के पश्चात् किसने स्वयं को एक शक्तिशाली शासक के रूप में स्थापित किया?

Who established himself as a powerful ruler after the disintegration of the Gupta Empire in 480–490 CE?
(A) मिहिरकुल / Mihirkul
(B) तोरमाण / Toramana
(C) यशोवर्धन / Yashovardhan
(D) हर्ष / Harsha
 उत्तर / Answer: (B) तोरमाण (Toramana)

3. तोरमाण कौन था?

Who was Toramana?
(A) पाँचवीं शताब्दी का एक हूण आक्रमणकारी  शासक
(A 5th-century Huna invader and ruler)
(B) गुप्त वंश का एक इतिहासकार
(A historian of the Gupta dynasty)
(C) सिकंदर की सेना का एक सरदार
(A commander in Alexander’s army)
(D) चीन में बौद्ध धर्म का प्रचारक एक भिक्षु
(A Buddhist monk who spread Buddhism in China)
 उत्तर / Answer: (A)

4. अपने वर्णन में किसने त्रिगर्त को “पूर्व से पश्चिम 267 मील लम्बा तथा उत्तर से दक्षिण 213 मील चौड़ा राज्य” बताया है?

Who described Trigarta as “267 miles east to west and 213 miles north to south” in his account?
(A) पाणिनी / Panini
(B) कल्हण / Kalhana
(C) ह्वेनसाँग / Xuanzang
(D) टॉलमी / Ptolemy
 उत्तर / Answer: (C) ह्वेनसाँग (Xuanzang)

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